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DEVELOPMENT.md

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+# DEVELOPMENT.md
+
+This document provides technical details and guidelines for developing and maintaining the BREEDR Genealogy Management System.
+
+## Tech Stack Overview
+
+- **Monorepo Structure**:
+  - `server/`: Express.js backend.
+  - `client/`: React/Vite frontend.
+  - `data/`: SQLite database storage.
+  - `uploads/`: Uploaded images and documents.
+  - `static/`: Static assets for the application.
+
+- **Backend**: Node.js, Express, better-sqlite3, multer, bcrypt, jsonwebtoken.
+- **Frontend**: React 18, Vite, React Router 6, Axios, Lucide React, D3 (for pedigree trees).
+- **Database**: SQLite (managed with better-sqlite3).
+
+## Getting Started
+
+### Prerequisites
+- Node.js (v18+ recommended)
+- npm
+
+### Installation
+1. Clone the repository.
+2. Install root dependencies:
+   ```bash
+   npm install
+   ```
+3. Install client dependencies:
+   ```bash
+   cd client && npm install
+   ```
+
+### Development Commands
+Run the following from the project root:
+- **Run both client and server**: `npm run dev`
+- **Run server only**: `npm run server`
+- **Run client only**: `npm run client`
+- **Initialize Database**: `npm run db:init`
+- **Build for production**: `npm run build`
+
+## Database Architecture
+
+### Data Storage
+The database is a single SQLite file located at `data/breedr.db`. This directory is automatically created on startup if it doesn't exist.
+
+### Initialization & Schema
+- **Initialization**: `server/db/init.js` defines the initial schema and creates tables if they don't exist.
+- **Migrations**: `server/db/migrations.js` handles schema updates. Migrations run automatically on server startup.
+
+### "Parents Table" Approach
+Instead of storing parent IDs directly in the `dogs` table (which was the old approach), relationships are managed in a dedicated `parents` table:
+
+```sql
+CREATE TABLE parents (
+  id          INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  dog_id      INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  parent_id   INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  parent_type TEXT NOT NULL CHECK(parent_type IN ('sire', 'dam')),
+  FOREIGN KEY (dog_id)    REFERENCES dogs(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  FOREIGN KEY (parent_id) REFERENCES dogs(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  UNIQUE(dog_id, parent_type)
+);
+```
+
+**Key Benefits**:
+- Avoids complex `ALTER TABLE` operations when changing pedigree logic.
+- Cleanly separates dog attributes from lineage relationships.
+- Supports indexing for fast recursive pedigree lookups.
+
+### Key Tables
+- **`dogs`**: Core dog data (name, breed, sex, microchip, etc.).
+- **`parents`**: Lineage relationships (Sire/Dam).
+- **`litters`**: Groups of dogs from a single breeding.
+- **`breeding_records`**: Planned or completed breeding events.
+- **`health_records`**: OFA results, vaccinations, and other health tests.
+- **`genetic_tests`**: DNA panel results.
+- **`settings`**: Kennel-wide configurations.
+
+## Backend Development
+
+### API Routes
+Routes are modularized in `server/routes/`:
+- `/api/dogs`: Dog management.
+- `/api/litters`: Litter management.
+- `/api/health`: Health record management.
+- `/api/genetics`: Genetic testing management.
+- `/api/pedigree`: Pedigree tree generation.
+- `/api/breeding`: Breeding records.
+- `/api/settings`: Application settings.
+
+### File Uploads
+Images and documents are stored in `uploads/`. The `multer` middleware handles file processing. File paths are stored in the database as relative URLs (e.g., `/uploads/image.jpg`).
+
+## Frontend Development
+
+### State Management
+- **Settings**: Managed globally via `SettingsProvider` in `client/src/hooks/useSettings.jsx`.
+- **Component State**: Local `useState` and `useEffect` are preferred for feature-specific data.
+
+### Styling
+- CSS Variables are used for theming.
+- The UI uses a modern, clean design with Lucide icons.
+
+### Pedigree Trees
+The pedigree tree visualization is powered by `react-d3-tree` and D3.js. Logic for building the tree structure is located in `server/routes/pedigree.js` and visualized in the `PedigreeTree` component.
+
+## Environment Variables
+
+| Variable | Description | Default |
+|----------|-------------|---------|
+| `PORT` | Server port | `3000` |
+| `NODE_ENV` | Environment mode | `development` |
+| `DATA_DIR` | Path to DB storage | `../data` |
+| `UPLOAD_PATH` | Path to uploads | `../uploads` |
+| `STATIC_PATH` | Path to static assets | `../static` |
+| `DB_PATH` | Full path to .db file | `../data/breedr.db` |